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个人日志

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个人日志

ISOFIX Child Restraints

by wei 3月 8, 2010

Improved safety – but check the handbook first

Car-seat cushions and seat-belts are optimised for the comfort and protection of adults, and yet until recently have been the only means of supporting and attaching child restraints too.

Inevitably, compatibility problems can arise where child seats are attached to the car using adult seatbelts and no ‘universal’ child restraint can be installed satisfactorily in all seating positions in all cars.

Misfitting of universal seats is also a common problem due to the complexity of the task.

‘Plug-in’ child seats

ISOFIX, a standard system for attaching child restraints into cars was first proposed in the early 1990s though it took more than a decade for the technical standards to be agreed.

The idea is simple. Car makers provide small, cheap and inconspicuous attachment points in standard locations in new cars whilst child restraints have latches on the back to lock onto the mounting points in the car with a simple push/click.

Key benefits of ISOFIX

The original vision of ISOFIX was that it would:

  • be a standard, universal means of attaching child restraints
  • eliminate misfitting problems common with the use of adult belts
  • improve dynamic performance of child restraints as the seat is directly and rigidly attached to the car structure.

These objectives have been achieved though it has to be said that the system is perhaps not as easy to understand and simple to use as hoped – cars don’t all have the same anchorages and the seats aren’t all ‘universal’ so you do still have to do your homework before buying and, critically, must check the vehicle handbook.

Forward rotation

The two latches at the back of the child restraint prevent it from moving forwards but it is the car seat cushion itself that supports the weight of the child restraint – if the cushion’s too soft then the child restraint can rotate forwards in a crash increasing the forces acting on the child and the risk of injury.

To prevent this forward rotation a ‘universal’ child restraint requires a third rigid point of attachment. This may be either a rigid support leg between the front of the child restraint and the floor of the car or a ‘top tether‘ strap connecting the top of the restraint to a fixing point provided by the car maker on the parcel shelf, boot floor or seat back.

Two-stage process

 Due to delays in agreeing standards a compromise between car manufacturers and a European standards workgroup resulted in ISOFIX anchorages being introduced into cars in a two stage process.

The earliest cars fitted with ISOFIX anchorages were equipped with a two-point system only. Because the car seat cushion plays a crucial role in the performance of the child restraint these must only be used with ISOFIX child restraints specifically approved for use in that car – semi-universal or vehicle specific ISOFIX seats. (the make/model of car will be specifically named on the box/application list for the child restraint)

More recently, new models of car have had two or more seating positions provided with ‘three-point’ ISOFIX anchorages – two-point plus top-tether – making them suitable for ‘universal category’ ISOFIX child seats.

ISOFIX classes

Besides the different categories of ISOFIX seat, ‘universal’ and ‘semi-universal’/vehicle specific, there are several different size classes too as, for example, a full height forward facing restraint may not physically fit in the back seat of a small car.

The main size classes are:

  • A – ISO/F3: full height forward facing toddler child restraint
  • B – ISO/F2: reduced height forward facing toddler child restraint
  • B1 – ISO/F2X: reduced height forward facing toddler child restraint
  • C – ISO/R3: full size, rearward facing toddler child restraint
  • D – ISO/R2: reduced size rearward facing toddler child restraint
  • E – ISO/R1: rearward facing infant child restraint

Check the Vehicle Handbook

If you’re contemplating buying an ISOFIX child restraint it is essential to check the vehicle handbook first.

For every seating position and child mass group the handbook will give detailed information regarding the categories (Universal/semi-universal/model specific) and size classes of ISOFIX child restraint that may be used.

The handbook will also provide clear instructions for attaching a child restraint to the lower anchorage points and, if provided, to the top-tether mechanism too.

3月 8, 2010 0 comment
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个人日志

公司绝不会告诉你的10大秘密

by Andy 2月 23, 2010

1.入职时的工资高低不重要,只要你努力工作你会得到相应待遇的

我估计几乎找过工作的人都听过这句话,当我们确定被聘用跟公司谈工资时,他们都会说“如果以后你业绩突出、努力工作,你的报酬也会相应增加的”,特别是当第一次找工作的时候大多数人会相信这些话,但是千万~~别相信。

刚入职时,你的工资就是你的全部(当然有一些岗位,比如销售或弹性工资的岗位除外),而且你入职以后大部分待遇都会跟着你的工资而浮动,工资调整也是按你目前的工资乘于一定的百分比,保险、公积金也跟工资有关系,当你的基本工资低的时候你今后的报酬增长空间也不大。

所以,找工作时千万不要心软,多争取一些基本工资,因为这是你的所有。

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2月 23, 2010 0 comment
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个人日志

Wedding

by Andy 6月 19, 2009

6月 19, 2009 0 comment
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个人日志

Bridal Beauty Tips for your Wedding Day

by Andy 5月 24, 2009

Every bride wants to look her very best on her wedding day, and it is never too soon to start planning your bridal beauty for your wedding day. I have put together a 6 month beauty routine to have you looking your sparkling best on your big day.

6 Months To Go

Take a long critical look at yourself in the mirror and if you feel you could loose a few pounds, now is the time to start. Decide on the most suitable plan according to your daily schedule, whether it be simply cutting down on between snacks or a rigorous routine of diet and exercise. A healthy balanced diet is important not only for the body beautiful but will also benefit your skin, hair and nails.

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5月 24, 2009 2 comments
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个人日志

English symbol

by Andy 11月 24, 2008

Punctuation marks
apostrophe ( ‘ ) ( ’ )
brackets ( ( ) ) ( [ ] ) ( { } ) ( 〈 〉 )
colon ( : )
comma ( , )
dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( — )
ellipsis ( … ) ( … )
exclamation mark ( ! )
full stop/period ( . )
hyphen ( – ) ( ‐ )
interrobang ( ‽ )
question mark ( ? )
quotation marks ( ‘ ’ ) ( “ ” )
semicolon ( ; )
slash/solidus ( / )
space ( ) and interpunct ( · )

Other typographer’s marks
ampersand ( & )
asterisk ( * ) and asterism ( ⁂ )
at ( @ )
backslash ( \ )
bullet ( •, more )
dagger ( † ‡ )
degrees ( ° )
number sign ( # )
prime ( ′ )
tilde ( ~ )
underscore ( _ )
vertical bar/pipe ( | )

11月 24, 2008 1 comment
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Essay

丰子恺与子女立“约法”

by Andy 11月 16, 2008

丰子恺有七个儿女。1947年,丰先生50岁,他在杭州与子女立下“约法”。内容如下:

年逾五十,齿落发白,家无恒产,人无恒寿,自今日起,与诸儿约法如下:

(一)父母供给子女,至大学毕业为止。放弃者作为受得论。大学毕业后,子女各自独立生活,并无供养父母之义务,父母亦更无供给子女之义务。

(二)大学毕业后倘能考取官费留学或近于官费之自费留学,父母仍供给其不足之费用,至返日为止。

(三)子女婚嫁,一切自主自理,父母无代谋之义务。

(四)子女独立之后,生活有余而供养父母,或父母生活有余而供给子女,皆属友谊性质,绝非义务。

(五)子女独立之后,以与父母分居为原则。双方同意而同居者,皆属邻谊性质,绝非义务。

(六)父母双亡后,倘有遗产,除父母遗嘱指定者外,由子女平分受得。

丰先生“家无恒产”,生儿育女靠的是译著的版税和字画的润格。从这份“约法”可以看出,丰先生给儿女以平等的爱,以同等的教育机会。丰先生早年留学日本,他的绘画和音乐的才华,以及阅读日文和英文的能力都得益他的留学生涯,因而也希望儿女上大学或出国留学,但不强迫。他满腔热情地爱着儿女,但不溺爱,供养只到“大学毕业”或“留学”期满为止。“约法”中四、五两条尤其好:让已经“独立”的子女过自己的生活,鼓励已经“独立”的子女与父母“分居”。子女独立了,父子父女之间也就不再有什么“义务”,只有“友谊”和“邻谊”,这就超越了旧中国“养儿防老”和“长宜子孙”的观念。既不向儿女索取回报,也不为儿女安排所谓的舒适的生活,让儿女们走自己该走的路,过自己该过的生活,彻底的真实而纯洁。丰先生多么仁慈通达啊!

11月 16, 2008 0 comment
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Essay

“钉子户”传奇

by Andy 10月 4, 2008

住美国华盛顿州西雅图市的老太太伊迪丝?梅斯菲尔德堪称西雅图“最牛钉子户”:2007年她曾一口回绝房地产公司近百万美元的拆迁补偿款,坚持不肯搬出自己那套不值一万美元的两层小别墅。直到现在,她的房子仍倔强地立于周围新建楼房的包围之中。

此事经媒体报道后,梅斯菲尔德一下成了当地名人,表示赞赏和支持的信件从世界各地不断寄来。今年6月15日,梅斯菲尔德因胰腺癌去世,享年86岁。

事件回放

梅斯菲尔德的房子坐落于西雅图市巴拉德地区的西北46街,这栋面积并不大的两层别墅始建于1900年。从1952年起,梅斯菲尔德就一直住在这里。

2006年,西雅图一家房地产开发商找到梅斯菲尔德,希望她能够搬出自己的房子,并表示愿意为此支付接近100万美元的拆迁补偿款。

梅斯菲尔德一口回绝了这个提议。她在一次采访中表示:“我不需要钱,就算有钱我又能干什么呢?这里是我的家,我生活得很快乐……我不想搬出去。”

不久之后,5层楼高的商业中心拔地而起,将梅斯菲尔德房子的左、右、后三面团团围住,最近的地方距梅斯菲尔德家的厨房窗户仅一两米,吊车的吊钩也天天在她家屋顶上晃悠。

即使在这样的包围下,梅斯菲尔德也没有搬出自己的房子。不仅如此,面对建筑施工发出的巨大噪音,这位“固执”的老太太并不焦躁,依然悠闲地生活在自己的世界里:“我可是经历过二战的人,这点噪音算不了什么。”唯一的不同就是,她在家里听歌剧的时候把声音稍微调大了一点。

性格“固执”

对于这样一位老人,建筑工人施工的时候总是特别小心,尽量避免对她造成伤害。工地负责人则叮嘱工人,要像对待自己的外婆一样保护梅斯菲尔德。梅斯菲尔德也从来不给施工方添任何麻烦,由于年事已高,她每天干的事就是在家听听音乐、看看电视而已。

由于双方都有善意,看似不可调和的矛盾下居然催生出了一种奇特的友谊。承建新楼房的建筑公司负责人巴里?马丁和梅斯菲尔德成了好朋友,并承担起照顾这位老人饮食起居的责任。

谈起这段友谊,马丁也觉得有些不可思议:“我给过她一张名片,告诉她如果有任何需要打我的电话就行。有一天,(梅斯菲尔德)打电话给我说想去剪头发,我开车带她过去,第二次是我带她去看医生……就这样,我们成了朋友。”

在梅斯菲尔德生命的最后岁月里,马丁为她做饭,帮她取药、替她出去买东西,希望她能尽量舒服地待在家里。

据美国当地媒体报道,梅斯菲尔德在遗嘱中将所有财产都留给了马丁。

影响深远

由于梅斯菲尔德在巴拉德地区小有名气,她去世的消息一下子传遍了整个地区。不少人自发前往老人的小别墅,以鲜花和丝带表示哀悼。

尽管梅斯菲尔德已经去世,但是她家里的一切目前并没有变化。她那辆老旧的蓝色“雪佛兰”车依然停在门口,家里的窗户上还是摆满了她收集的动物造型玻璃工艺品。一些人认为这栋房子以后可以改建成一个小型纪念馆,他们觉得这是钢筋水泥建筑包围中唯一的“绿色”希望。
对于梅斯菲尔德房子的前景,马丁没抱什么指望,因为这栋别墅已经严重地向一边倾斜,“每次我来的时候都要重新把房间里的画摆正,也许有一天这所房子会逐渐走向(被推倒的)过程”。
对此,西雅图当地一名评论家不无悲观地表示:“人们往往在生活过程中与所居住的地方融为一体,就像岩石、树木或山峰;可是社会在发展的时候并不会考虑这些,很多人想的是尽快达成经济目标、尽快赚钱。和大家的房子一样,梅斯菲尔德的房子也许最终也会走向自己的命运──‘利益最大化’,但是这种对房屋的处理方法并没有考虑到那些只希望安安静静住在房子里的人……梅斯菲尔德并不是英雄,也许她只是追求利益最大化的社会在高速发展中产生的一个牺牲品。”

10月 4, 2008 0 comment
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东搞西搞

Writing Brush

by Andy 9月 30, 2008

9月 30, 2008 0 comment
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